Direct Lightning Stroke Shielding of Substations*
Commonwealth Associates, Inc.
12.1 Lightning Stroke Protection
Strike Distance • Stroke Current Magnitude • Keraunic Level • Ground Flash Density • Lightning Detection Networks
Fixed Angles • Empirical Curves
12.4 The Electrogeometric Model (EGM)
Whitehead’s EGM • Recent Improvements in the EGM • Criticism of the EGM • A Revised EGM • Application of the EGM by the Rolling Sphere Method • Multiple Shielding Electrodes • Changes in Voltage Level • Minimum Stroke Current • Application of Revised EGM by Mousa and Srivastava Method
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