Electrical Engineer's Reference Book, 16th Edition

9

Electroheat and Materials Processing

PL Jones, PhD, CEng, MIMechE,     Petrie Technologies Ltd. Chorley, Lancs (Sections 9.1 to 9.9)

S Taylor, BSc, PhD, MEng, ACGI, CEng, MIEE,     University of Liverpool (Section 9.10)

S Nakai,     Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University (Section 9.11)

J Jennings

Contents

Introduction 9.1

Direct resistance heating 9.2

Metals 9.2.1

Glass 9.2.2

Water 9.2.3

Salt baths 9.2.4

Other fluids 9.2.5

Indirect resistance heating 9.3

Metallic elements 9.3.1

Sheathed elements 9.3.2

Ceramic elements 9.3.3

Terminals and leads 9.3.4

Aggressive environments 9.3.5

Infra-red beaters 9.3.6

Electric ovens and furnaces 9.4

Heating-element construction for ovens and furnaces 9.4.1

Ovens 9.4.2

Furnaces 9.4.3 ...