Electrochemical Engineering

Appendix C: Thermodynamic Data

Table C.1 Standard Enthalpy and Gibbs Energy of Formation from the Elements at 25 °C (298.15 K).

Chemical species	Formula	State	ΔG [kJ·mol−1]	ΔH [kJ·mol−1]
Acetic acid	CH3COOH	Liquid	−389.9	−484.3
Acetic acid	CH3COOH	Aqueous	−396.5	−486.1
Aluminum oxide	Al2O3	Solid, α	−1582.3	−1675.7
Ammonia	NH3	Aqueous	−26.6	−80.3
Ammonia	NH3	Gas	−16.4	−45.9
Bromine	Br2	Gas	3.1	30.9
Carbon dioxide	CO2	Gas	−394.359	−393.509
Carbon monoxide	CO	Gas	−137.2	−110.5
Cobalt(II) oxide	CoO	Solid	−214.2	−237.9
Formaldehyde	CH2O	Gas	−102.5	−108.6
Formic acid	CH2O2	Liquid	−361.4	−425.0
Hydrogen bromide	HBr	Gas	−53.4	−36.3
Hydrogen chloride	HCl	Gas	−95.3	−92.3
Hydrogen peroxide	H2O2	Liquid	−120.4	−187.8
Hydrogen peroxide	H2O2	Gas	−105.6	−136.3
Lead(II) oxide	PbO	Solid	−187.9	−217.3
Lead(IV) oxide	PbO2	Solid	−217.3	−277.4
Lead(II, IV) oxide	Pb3O4	Solid	−601.7	−718.8
Lead sulfate	PbSO4	Solid	−813.302	−919.936
Lithia	Li2O	Solid	−561.2	−597.9
Lithium hydroxide	LiOH	Aqueous	−451.1	−506.9
Lithium iodide	LiI	Solid	−270.3	−270.4
Lithium peroxide	Li2O2	Solid	−571.1	−632.6
Mercury(II) chloride	HgCl2	Solid	−178.6	−224.3
Mercury(I) chloride	Hg2Cl2	Solid	−210.8	−265.2
Methanol	CH3OH	Liquid	−166.6	−239.2
Methane	CH4	Gas	−50.5	−74.6
Propane	C3H8	Gas	−24.3	−104.7
Silver oxide	Ag2O	Solid	−11.21	−31.1
Silver sulfate	Ag2SO4	Solid	−618.4	−715.9
Sodium chloride	NaCl	Solid	−384.1	−411.2
Sodium chloride	NaCl	Aqueous	−393.1	−407.3
Sodium hydroxide	NaOH	Aqueous ...