CFFI
CFFI is an FFI for Python that is an interesting alternative to ctypes. It is not a part of the standard library but it is easily available as a PyPI as the cffi package. It is different from ctypes because it puts more emphasis on reusing plain C declarations instead of providing extensive Python APIs in a single module. It is way more complex and also has a feature that allows you to automatically compile some parts of your integration layer into extensions using C compiler. So it can be used as a hybrid solution that fills the gap between plain C extensions and ctypes.
Because it is a very large project, it is impossible to briefly introduce it in a few paragraphs. On the other hand, it would be a shame to not say something more about ...