December 2022
Intermediate to advanced
528 pages
15h 41m
English
Content preview from Functional and Concurrent Programming: Core Concepts and Features
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Chapter 17
Threads and Nondeterminism
Sequential programs have a single thread of execution. Programs can be made concurrent by creating additional threads so that multiple threads execute a program in parallel. How threads access hardware computing resources is typically orchestrated by a scheduler—often in the operating system—which is not under a programmer’s control. As a result, and in the absence of additional synchronization, the exact order in which multiple threads jointly execute their instructions is unpredictable. Consequently, multithreaded programs tend to exhibit nondeterministic behavior. This nondeterminism vastly complicates testing and debugging.
17.1 Threads of Execution
A thread of execution—or thread, for short—represents ...
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