Functional and Concurrent Programming: Core Concepts and Features

Chapter 26

Functional-Concurrent Programming

Functional tasks can be handled as futures, which implement the basic synchronization needed to wait for completion and to retrieve computed values (or exceptions). As synchronizers, however, futures suffer from the same drawbacks as other blocking operations, including performance costs and the risk of deadlocks. As an alternative, futures are often enriched with higher-order methods that process their values asynchronously, without blocking. Actions with side effects can be registered as callbacks, but the full power of this approach comes from applying functional transformations to futures to produce new futures, a coding style this book refers to as functional-concurrent programming.

26.1 Correctness ...