Testing Your Breadboarded Circuit
Now connect the board to your breadboard by running a jumper from the 5 V and GND connections to the positive and negative rails of the breadboard. If the green PWR LED turns off, remove the wires immediately. This means there is a big mistake in your circuit and you have a "short circuit" somewhere. When this happens, your board draws too much current and the power gets cut off to protect the computer.
Note
If you're a concerned that you may damage your computer, remember that on many computers, the current protection is usually quite good and responds quickly. Also, the Arduino board is fitted with a "PolyFuse," a current-protection device that resets itself when the fault is removed.
If you're really paranoid, you can always connect the Arduino board through a self-powered USB hub. In this case, if it all goes horribly wrong, the USB hub is the one that will be pushing up daisies, not your computer.
If you're getting a short circuit, you have to start the "simplification and segmentation" process. What you must do is go through every sensor in the project and connect just one at a time.
The first thing to start from is always the power supply (the connections from 5 V and GND). Look around and make sure that each part of the circuit is powered properly.
Working step by step and making one single modification at a time is the number one rule for fixing stuff. This rule was hammered into my young head by my school professor and first employer, Maurizio ...
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