Here is some additional reference material that you may refer to regarding what has been covered in this chapter: Dual-Pivot Quicksort (https://web.archive.org/web/20151002230717/http://iaroslavski.narod.ru/quicksort/DualPivotQuicksort.pdf) C++ sorting explained (https://medium.com/@lucianoalmeida1/exploring-some-standard-libraries-sorting-functions-dd633f838182) Wikipedia on Introsort (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introsort) Wikipedia on Timsort (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort) Pattern defeating Quicksort (https://github.com/orlp/pdqsort)