276 Healthcare Data Analytics
whether or not negation or speculation is specified towards the event. However, a more detailed
scheme [207], which is tailored to biomedical events, recognizes that several different types of in-
formation may be specified within the textual contexts of events, which can affect their discourse
interpretation. In common with the scheme of Wilbur et al. [3 13], this meta-knowledge scheme
to encode the interpr etation of bio-events is mu ltidimensional, and e ncodes five different types of
informa tion, i.e., k nowledge type (e.g., FACT, OBSERVATION, ANALYSIS), certainty level, infor-
mation source (fact pertains to current or a previous study), polarity (POSITIVE/NEGATIVE) and
biological manner (rate/strength of biological ...