Industrial Environmental Management

Appendix AConversion Factors

Table A.1 Conversion factors.

Length

1 kilometer (km) = 1 000 meters (m); 1 meter (m) = 100 centimeter (cm)

1 centimeter (cm) = 10−2 m; 1 millimeter (mm) = 10−3 m

1 micron (μ) = 10−6 m; 1 nanometer (nm) = 10−9 m; 1 angstrom (Å) = 10−10 m

1 inch (in.) = 2.540 cm; 1 foot (ft) = 30.48 cm; 1 mile (mi) = 1.609 km

1 centimeter (cm) = 0.393 7 in.; 1 meter = 39.37 in.;1 kilometer (km) = 0.621 4 mile

Area

1 square meter (m2) = 10.76 ft2; 1 square mile (mi2) = 640 acres

1 square foot (ft2) = 929 cm2; 1 acre = 43 560 ft2

Volume

1 liter (l) = 1 000 cm3 = 1.057 quart (qt) = 0.2642 gal = 0.035 32 ft3

1 US barrel liquid = 0.12 m3 = 4.24 ft3

1 cubic meter (m3) = 1 000 l = 35.32 ft3

1 cubic foot (ft3) = 7.481 US gal = 0.028 33 m3 = 28.32 cm3 = 28.32 l

1 US gallon (gal) = 0.13137 ft3 = 3.785 l

Mass

1 kilogram (kg) = 2.204 6 pounds (lb) = 1 000 gram (g) = 0.001 1 ton

1 lb = 453.6 g = 7 000 gr = 0.453 6 kg =0.000 50 ton; ton = 2 000 lb = 1.102 tonne (metric ton)

Speed

1 km/h = 0.277 8 m/s = 0.621 4 mi/h = 0.911 3 ft/s

1 mi/h = 1.467 ft/s = 1.609 km/h = 88 ft/min

Density

1 g/cm3 = 1 000 kg/m3 = 62.43 lb/ft3; 1 lb/ft3 = 0.016 02g/cm3 = 16.02 kg/m3

Force

1 Newton (N) = 10−5 dyne = 1.0 kg‐m/s2 = 7.232 lbm‐ft/s2 = 0.224 8 lbf

1 pound force (lbf) = 4.448 N = 4.448 kg‐m/s2 = 32.17 lbm‐ft/s2

1 kg‐m/s2 = 0.224 8 lbf = 1 N; 1 lbm‐ft/s2 = 0.138 3 N = 1 lbf

Energy

1 kJ = 239 cal = 737.5 ft‐lbf = 0.948 Btu = 2.778 × 10 ...