April 2012
Beginner
672 pages
17h 39m
English
book
Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis, 5th Edition
by Douglas C. Montgomery, Elizabeth A. Peck, G. Geoffrey Vining
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CHAPTER 2
SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION
2.1 SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL
This chapter considers the simple linear regression model, that is, a model with a single regressor x that has a relationship with a response y that is a straight line. This simple linear regression model is
where the intercept β0 and the slope β1 are unknown constants and ε is a random error component. The errors are assumed to have mean zero and unknown variance σ2. Additionally we usually assume that the errors are uncorrelated. This means that the value of one error does not depend on the value of any other error.
It is convenient to view the regressor x as controlled by the data analyst and measured with negligible error, while the response y is a random variable. That is, there is a probability distribution for y at each possible value for x. The mean of this distribution is
and the variance is
Thus, the mean of y is a linear function of x although the variance of y does not depend on the value of x. Furthermore, because the errors are uncorrelated, the responses are also uncorrelated.
The parameters β0 and β1 are usually called regression coefficients. These coefficients have a simple and often useful interpretation. ...
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