Preface
So, you want to build enterprise applications?
Back in 1996, we were working on a web-based clinical data management system for a major Boston hospital. Java 1.0.2 had recently been released, and development tools were beginning to trickle onto the market. The Write Once, Run Anywhere promise of Java was beguiling, not in the least because we didn’t have development environments that mirrored the deployment environments. And here was this object-oriented, strongly typed language with—even then—an excellent standard class library. It seemed like a perfect fit, at least in theory. In the end, the application sprouted several Java applets and an early, crude database-backed web site. Replacing Perl scripts with Java code required some fancy footwork, since none of the available web servers had any native Java integration. Performance was questionable, maintenance was iffy, and at a few points we found ourselves backtracking to Perl and C++. The application itself turned into a strange amalgamation of Perl CGI scripts, server-side Java applications (including part of a custom-built web server), HTML, and C++ CGI programs.
Our primary problem was that the necessary infrastructure for both developing and deploying the application just wasn’t in place. Java’s support for relational databases was primitive, and while the language has always supported certain operations as a web client, it wasn’t until the Java Servlet API was introduced the following year that Java gained a standard, ...
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