Java Cookbook, 1st Edition

Chapter 10. Input and Output: Reading, Writing, and Directory Tricks

10.0 Introduction

Most programs need to interact with the outside world, and one common way of doing so is by reading and writing files. Files are usually stored on some persistent medium such as a disk drive; and, for the most part, we shall happily ignore the differences between files stored on a hard disk (and all the operating system–dependent filesystem types), a USB drive or SD card, a DVD-ROM, and other storage devices. For us, they’re just files. And, like most other languages and OSes, Java extends the reading-and-writing model to network (socket) communications, which we’ll touch on in Chapters 14 and 15.

Java provides many classes for input and output, as summarized later in Figure 10-1. This chapter covers all the normal input/output operations such as opening/closing and reading/writing files. Files are assumed to reside on some kind of file store or permanent storage. Distributed filesystems such as Apache Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), Sun’s Network File System (NFS, common on Unix and available for Windows), SMB (the Windows network filesystem, available for Unix via the open source Samba program), and Filesystem in User SpacE (FUSE; implementations available for most Unix/Linux/macOS systems) are assumed to work just like disk filesystems, except where noted.

Figure 10-1. java.io classes ...