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O'Reilly Platform
book
监控运维实践:原则与策略
by
Mike Julian
November 2020
Intermediate to advanced
142 pages
3h 12m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
监控运维实践:原则与策略
网络监控
|
97
时,你将具备通过
OID
查找所需数据的知识。
既然已经解决了
SNMP
的问题,那么现在进入正题:应该监控什么以及为什么要监控
?
9.1.5
接口指标
从最显而易见的地方,即接口,开始。
网络性能可以总结为一些关键因素:
带宽
、
吞吐率
、
延迟
、
错误
以及
抖动
。
带宽
理论上可以同时通过连接推送的最大信息量。可以将其看作网络链接的原始能力。一般
用位
/
秒来表示,通常是兆位
/
秒(
Mbps
)或千兆位
/
秒(
Gbps
)。不要将其与兆字节
/
秒(
MBps
)或千兆字节
/
秒(
GBps
)混淆。
吞吐率
观察到的网络链接的性能,也用位
/
秒来表示。由于协议和传输开销,吞吐率将小于
链接的带宽。例如,假设一个
MTU
为
1500
字节的标准以太网链接,由于来自以太网、
IP
和
TCP
封装的开销,
TCP
流的最大吞吐率被限制在大约是带宽的
95%
。所做的封装
越多(例如
MPLS
),效率就越低。如果在测试中只得到
60%
的性能,那么你可能在某
个地方出现了问题。
监控链接的吞吐率对于确保你能够最大限度地利用它非常重要。通过
IF-MIB
MIB
简
单地记录字节数并与该链接已知的最大值进行比较是不够的,因为这只能测量当时的
吞吐率。
相反,你需要执行一个测试。可以使用像
iperf2
这样的工具来进行,或者选择来自
Internet2
的
bwctl
包,这是一套用于测试网络性能的工具。能够进行自动化测试并随着
时间的推移存储结果是有好处的。有策略地在网络周围放置测试端点使你能够始终关注
关键的网络链接性能。
如果怀疑实际获得的吞吐率比应该获得的少,你可以检查一些错误:丢弃和溢出可能表 ...
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Publisher Resources
ISBN: 9787115550750