Kubernetes: Up and Running, 3rd Edition

Chapter 12. Jobs

So far we have focused on long-running processes, such as databases and web applications. These types of workloads run until they are either upgraded or the service is no longer needed. While long-running processes make up the large majority of workloads that run on a Kubernetes cluster, there is often a need to run short-lived, one-off tasks. The Job object is made for handling these types of tasks.

A Job creates Pods that run until successful termination (for instance, exit with 0). In contrast, a regular Pod will continually restart regardless of its exit code. Jobs are useful for things you only want to do once, such as database migrations or batch jobs. If run as a regular Pod, your database migration task would run in a loop, continually repopulating the database after every exit.

In this chapter, we’ll explore the most common job patterns Kubernetes affords. We will also show you how to leverage these patterns in real-life scenarios.

The Job Object

The Job object is responsible for creating and managing Pods defined in a template in the job specification. These Pods generally run until successful completion. The Job object coordinates running a number of Pods in parallel.

If the Pod fails before a successful termination, the job controller will create a new Pod based on the Pod template in the job specification. Given that Pods have to be scheduled, there is a chance that your job will not execute if the scheduler does not find the required resources. ...