7 Compliance
Europe has developed one of the most structured and ambitious approaches to governing digital technologies. Over the past decade, the Union has progressively built a regulatory architecture covering data, online platforms, cybersecurity, digital markets, and system resilience. Within this broader landscape sit the Digital Services Act (DSA) [126], the Digital Markets Act (DMA) [127], the Network and Information Security Directive 2 (NIS2) [128], the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) [129], the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) [130], the Data Governance Act (DGA) [131], and the Data Act [132]. Each addresses a specific dimension of the digital economy, from data access and security to competition and infrastructure robustness. ...
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