March 2019
Intermediate to advanced
288 pages
9h 24m
English
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1Introduction to Smart Antennas
1.1 Introduction
Smart antennas, also known as intelligent antennas or adaptive arrays, are a key technology for advanced wireless systems, such as satellite communications, inter‐satellite links, radars, sensors, mobile communications (5G and beyond), wireless local area networks, global navigation satellite systems, and wireless power transfer. One of the most important features of smart antennas is electronic beam scanning or switching. Smart antennas enable wireless systems to achieve optimum performance and increase channel throughput by electronically steering maximum radiation towards the desired directions while forming nulls against interfering sources.
The adaptive array is ‘smart’ because it has signal processing units with smart signal processing algorithms. Recent years have seen the development of efficient algorithms for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and adaptive beamforming. Algorithms for adaptive beamforming include the classical least mean squares (LMS) type algorithm, constant modulus algorithm (CMA) etc. Traditional smart antennas are, however, complicated in structure, bulky in size, and costly. Thus, it is highly desirable to reduce the size, mass, power consumption, and cost of smart antennas.
Generally speaking, smart antennas can be divided into three components: the antenna, the beamforming network (BFN), and the signal processing unit. It is believed that radio frequency (RF) designs such as the architecture design ...
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