TerminalUnix ProgramsNavigating in Unixpwd (Print Working Directory, or “Where am I?”)ls (List, or “What’s in here?”)About flagscd (Change Directory, or “Let Me See Another Folder”).. (Dot-Dot, or “Back Me Out”)Keystroke-Saving FeaturesTab completionUsing the historyWildcardsDirectory SwitchingThe ~ ShortcutSpecial keysWorking with Files and Directoriescp (Copy)Copying in placeCopying and renamingCopying without renamingMultiple filesmv (Moving and Renaming Files and Directories)Moving files and directoriesOption flagsmkdir (Create New Directories)touch (Create Empty Files)rm (Remove Files and Directories)srm (Secure Removal)echo (A Final Check)Online HelpUsing manOther Online HelpTerminal PreferencesStartupSettingsTextWindowShellKeyboardWindow GroupsConnect to ServerTerminal Tips and TricksSwitching WindowsNon-Contiguous SelectionDouble-Clickable Unix ToolsChanging Permissions with TerminalLooking at PermissionsFile-Mode CodeGroup Detective Workchmod (Change Mode)Permission to Change Permissionssudochgrp (Change Group)Protecting Files En MasseMaking Files Hide20 Useful Unix Utilitiesbcbckillopenpsshutdowntar, gzip, ziptop (table of processes)xattr (extended attributes)Aliasesnano, emacs, vimdategrepfindmdfindlaunchdftpPutting It Together