March 2025
Intermediate to advanced
200 pages
5h 9m
German
Content preview from Mächtiges Python
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Kapitel 4. Dekorateure
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Python unterstützt ein mächtiges Werkzeug, denDekorator. Mit Dekoratoren kannst du Gruppen von Funktionen und Methoden mit umfangreichen Funktionen ausstatten, ohne sie überhaupt zu verändern; du kannst verschiedene, frustrierend verflochtene Anliegen in deinem Code auf eine Weise entwirren, die sonst nicht möglich wäre; und du kannst leistungsstarke, erweiterbare Software-Frameworks erstellen. Viele der beliebtesten und wichtigsten Python-Bibliotheken der Welt nutzen Dekoratoren. In diesem Kapitel lernst du, wie du das auch tun kannst.
Ein Dekorator ist etwas, das du auf eine Funktion oder Methode anwendest. Du hast wahrscheinlich schon Dekoratoren gesehen. Es gibt einen Dekorator namensproperty , der oft in Klassen verwendet wird:
classPerson:def__init__(self,first_name,last_name):self.first_name=first_nameself.last_name=last_name@propertydeffull_name(self):returnself.first_name+" "+self.last_name
>>>person=Person("John","Smith")>>>(person.full_name)John Smith
Beachte, dass er person.full_name und nicht person.full_name() druckt.
Ein anderes Beispiel: Im Web-Framework Flask kannst du eine einfache Startseite definieren:
@app.route("/")defhello():return"<html><body>Hello World!</body></html>"
app.route("/") ist ein Dekorator, der hier auf die Funktion hello() angewendet wird. Eine HTTP-GET-Anfrage ...
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