Chapter 8. Experiment 8: Adventures in Audio

It’s time to venture into the fascinating world of analog devices. In an analog circuit, voltages can be below zero, as well as above; they can fluctuate in mysterious and unpredictable ways; and the voltage you get at the output can be 100 times the voltage at the input—or more.

Our journey will begin with a microphone and an amplifier. Because of the fickle behavior of components in the analog world, you’ll need ways to find out exactly what is happening in a circuit, and this will require a detour into methods of measurement (which is why I included an exercise in transistor measurements in Experiment 2).

After acquiring some necessary knowledge, in Experiments 13 and 14 you can ultimately build an ...

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