January 2019
Intermediate to advanced
548 pages
12h 7m
English
WPA and WPA2 are also vulnerable to attacks against an access point's Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) and pin number.
Most access points support the WPS protocol, which emerged as a standard in 2006 to allow users to easily set up and configure access points and add new devices to an existing network without having to re-enter large and complex passphrases.
Unfortunately, the pin is an eight-digit number (100,000,000 possible guesses), but the last number is a checksum value. Because the WPS authentication protocol cuts the pin in half and validates each half separately, this means that there are 104 (10,000) values for the first half of the pin, and 103 (1,000) possible values for the second half—the attacker ...
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