Mastering Kali Linux for Advanced Penetration Testing - Third Edition

Mapping beyond the firewall

Attackers normally start the network debugging using traceroute utility, which attempts to map all of the hosts on a route to a specific destination host or system. Once the target is reached, as the TTL (Time to Live) field will be 0, the target will discard the datagram and generate an ICMP time exceeded packet back to its originator. A regular traceroute will be as follows:

As you see from the preceding example, we cannot go beyond a particular IP, which most probably means that there is a packet filtering device at hop 3. Attackers would dig a little bit deeper to understand what is deployed on that IP.

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