book

Microsoft® Visual C#® 2005 Step by Step

by John Sharp

October 2005

Beginner

592 pages

15h 2m

English

Microsoft Press

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Finding Your Best Starting Point in This BookConventions and Features in This BookConventionsOther FeaturesOnline Companion ContentTechnology UpdatesSystem RequirementsPrerelease SoftwareInstalling and Using the Practice FilesInstalling the Practice FilesConfiguring SQL Server Express EditionUsing the Practice FilesUninstalling the Practice FilesSupport for this BookQuestions and Comments
Beginning Programming with the Visual Studio 2005 EnvironmentWriting Your First ProgramUsing NamespacesCreating a Windows Forms ApplicationChapter 1 Quick Reference
Understanding StatementsUsing IdentifiersIdentifying KeywordsUsing VariablesNaming VariablesDeclaring VariablesWorking with Primitive Data TypesDisplaying Primitive Data Type ValuesUsing Arithmetic OperatorsDetermining an Operator’s ValuesExamining Arithmetic OperatorsControlling PrecedenceUsing Associativity to Evaluate ExpressionsIncrementing and Decrementing VariablesPrefix and PostfixChapter 2 Quick Reference
Declaring MethodsSpecifying the Method Declaration SyntaxWriting return StatementsCalling MethodsSpecifying the Method Call SyntaxApplying ScopeDefining Local ScopeDefining Class ScopeOverloading MethodsWriting MethodsChapter 3 Quick Reference
Declaring bool VariablesUsing Boolean OperatorsUnderstanding Equality and Relational OperatorsUnderstanding Conditional Logical OperatorsSummarizing Operator Precedence and AssociativityUsing if Statements to Make DecisionsUnderstanding if Statement SyntaxUsing Blocks to Group StatementsCascading if StatementsUsing switch StatementsUnderstanding switch Statement SyntaxFollowing the switch Statement RulesChapter 4 Quick Reference
Using Compound Assignment OperatorsWriting while StatementsWriting for StatementsUnderstanding for Statement ScopeWriting do StatementsChapter 5 Quick Reference

Coping with ErrorsTrying Code and Catching ExceptionsHandling an ExceptionUnhandled ExceptionsUsing Multiple catch HandlersCatching Multiple ExceptionsUsing Checked and Unchecked Integer ArithmeticWriting checked StatementsWriting Checked ExpressionsThrowing ExceptionsUsing a finally BlockChapter 6 Quick Reference
Understanding ClassificationThe Purpose of EncapsulationDefining and Using a ClassControlling AccessibilityWorking with ConstructorsOverloading ConstructorsUnderstanding static Methods and DataCreating a Shared FieldCreating a static Field with the const KeywordChapter 7 Quick Reference
Copying int Variables and ClassesUsing ref and out ParametersCreating ref ParametersCreating out ParametersHow Computer Memory is OrganizedUsing the Stack and the HeapThe System.Object ClassBoxingUnboxingChapter 8 Quick Reference
Working with EnumerationsDeclaring an Enumeration TypeUsing an EnumerationChoosing Enumeration Literal ValuesChoosing an Enumeration’s Underlying TypeWorking with Structure TypesDeclaring Structure TypesUnderstanding Structure and Class DifferencesDeclaring Structure VariablesUnderstanding Structure InitializationCopying Structure VariablesChapter 9 Quick Reference
What Is an Array?Declaring Array VariablesCreating Array InstancesInitializing Array VariablesAccessing Individual Array ElementsIterating Through an ArrayCopying ArraysWhat Are Collection Classes?The ArrayList ClassThe Queue ClassThe Stack ClassThe Hashtable ClassThe SortedList ClassComparing Arrays and CollectionsUsing Collection Classes to Play CardsChapter 10 Quick Reference
Using Array ArgumentsDeclaring params ArraysUsing params object[ ]Using params ArraysChapter 11 Quick Reference
What Is Inheritance?Using InheritanceBase Classes and Derived ClassesCalling Base Class ConstructorsAssigning Classesnew MethodsVirtual Methodsoverride Methodsprotected AccessCreating InterfacesInterface SyntaxInterface RestrictionsImplementing an InterfaceReferencing a Class Through Its InterfaceWorking with Multiple InterfacesAbstract ClassesSealed ClassesSealed MethodsExtending an Inheritance HierarchySummarizing Keyword CombinationsChapter 12 Quick Reference
The Life and Times of an ObjectWriting DestructorsWhy Use the Garbage Collector?How Does the Garbage Collector Work?RecommendationsResource ManagementDisposal MethodsException-Safe DisposalThe using StatementCalling the Dispose Method from a DestructorMaking Code Exception-SafeChapter 13 Quick Reference
Comparing Fields and MethodsWhat Are Properties?Using PropertiesRead-Only PropertiesWrite-Only PropertiesProperty AccessibilityUnderstanding the Property RestrictionsDeclaring Interface PropertiesUsing Properties in a Windows ApplicationChapter 14 Quick Reference
What Is an Indexer?An Example That Doesn’t Use IndexersThe Same Example Using IndexersUnderstanding Indexer AccessorsComparing Indexers and ArraysIndexers in InterfacesUsing Indexers in a Windows ApplicationChapter 15 Quick Reference
Declaring and Using DelegatesThe Automated Factory ScenarioImplementing the Factory Without Using DelegatesImplementing the Factory by Using a DelegateUsing DelegatesAnonymous Methods and DelegatesCreating a Method AdapterUsing an Anonymous Method as an AdapterFeatures of Anonymous MethodsEnabling Notifications with EventsDeclaring an EventSubscribing to an EventUnsubscribing from an EventRaising an EventUnderstanding GUI EventsUsing EventsChapter 16 Quick Reference
The Problem with ObjectsThe Generics SolutionGenerics vs. Generalized ClassesGenerics and ConstraintsCreating a Generic ClassThe Theory of Binary TreesBuilding a Binary Tree Class Using GenericsCreating a Generic MethodDefining a Generic Method to Build a Binary TreeChapter 17 Quick Reference
Enumerating the Elements in CollectionManually Implementing an EnumeratorImplementing the IEnumerable InterfaceImplementing an Enumerator by Using an IteratorA Simple IteratorDefining an Enumerator for the Tree<T> Class by Using an IteratorChapter 18 Quick Reference
Understanding OperatorsOperator ConstraintsOverloaded OperatorsCreating Symmetric OperatorsUnderstanding Compound AssignmentDeclaring Increment and Decrement OperatorsDefining Operator PairsImplementing an OperatorUnderstanding Conversion OperatorsProviding Built-In ConversionsImplementing User-Defined Conversion OperatorsCreating Symmetric Operators RevisitedAdding an Implicit Conversion OperatorChapter 19 Quick Reference
Creating Your ApplicationCreating a Windows Forms ApplicationWhat Are the Common Windows Forms Properties?Changing Properties ProgrammaticallyAdding Controls to the FormUsing Windows Forms ControlsSetting Control PropertiesChanging Properties DynamicallyProgramming the User InterfacePopulating the ComboBoxSet the current dateInitialize the CheckBoxInitialize the radio button groupFill the ListBoxCall the Reset methodPublishing Events in Windows FormsProcessing Events in Windows FormsRun the ApplicationChapter 20 Quick Reference
Menu Guidelines and StyleAdding Menus and Processing Menu EventsCreating a MenuSetting Menu Item PropertiesOther Menu Item PropertiesMenu EventsPop-Up MenusCreating Pop-Up MenusUsing Common Dialog ControlsUsing the SaveFileDialog ControlUsing a PrinterChapter 21 Quick Reference
Validating DataThe CausesValidation PropertyValidation EventsAn Example—Customer MaintenanceA First Attempt at Performing ValidationBeing UnobtrusiveUsing an ErrorProvider ControlAdding a Status BarChapter 22 Quick Reference
Using ADO.NET DatabasesThe Northwind Traders DatabaseCreating the DatabaseAccessing the DatabaseUnderstanding DataSets, DataTables, and TableAdaptersDisplaying Data in an ApplicationUsing ADO.NET ProgrammaticallyChapter 23 Quick Reference
Windows Forms Controls and Data BindingDefining a DataSet and Using Simple Data BindingUsing Complex Data BindingUpdating a Database Using a DataSetManaging ConnectionsHandling Multi-User UpdatesUsing a DataSet with a DataGridView ControlValidating User Input in the DataGridView ControlPerforming Updates by Using a DataSetChapter 24 Quick Reference
Understanding the Internet as an InfrastructureUnderstanding Web Server Requests and ResponsesManaging StateUnderstanding ASP.NETCreating Web Applications with ASP.NETBuilding an ASP.NET ApplicationUnderstanding Server ControlsCreating and Using a ThemeDefining a ThemeApplying a ThemeChapter 25 Quick Reference
Comparing Server and Client ValidationsServer ValidationClient ValidationImplementing Client ValidationChapter 26 Quick Reference
Using the Web Forms GridView ControlManaging SecurityUnderstanding Forms-Based SecurityImplementing Forms-Based SecurityQuerying DataDisplaying Customer InformationDisplaying Data in PagesOptimizing Data AccessCaching Data in a Data SourceEditing DataDeleting Rows from a GridView ControlUpdating Rows in a GridView ControlChapter 27 Quick Reference
What Is a Web Service?The Role of SOAPWhat Is the Web Services Description Language?Building the ProductService Web ServiceCreating the ProductService Web ServiceHandling Complex DataWeb Services, Clients, and ProxiesTalking SOAP: The Difficult WayTalking SOAP: The Easy WayConsuming the ProductService Web ServiceChapter 28 Quick Reference

Content preview from Microsoft® Visual C#® 2005 Step by Step

Chapter 8. Understanding Values and References

After completing this chapter, you will be able to:

Explain the differences between a value type and a reference type.
Modify the way in which arguments are passed as method parameters, by using the ref and out keywords.
Box a value by initializing or assigning a variable of type object.
Unbox a value by casting the object reference that refers to the boxed value.

In Chapter 7, you learned how to declare your own classes and create objects by using the new keyword. You also saw how to build an object by using a constructor. In this chapter, you will learn about the very different characteristics of the primitive types (such as int) and class types (such as Circle).