NGINX Cookbook, 2nd Edition

Chapter 7. Security Controls

7.0 Introduction

Security is done in layers, and there must be multiple layers to your security model for it to be truly hardened. In this chapter, we go through many different ways to secure your web applications with NGINX and NGINX Plus. You can use many of these security methods in conjunction with one another to help harden security. You might notice that this chapter does not touch upon the ModSecurity 3.0 NGINX module, which turns NGINX into a Web Application Firewall (WAF). To learn more about the WAF capabilities, download the ModSecurity 3.0 and NGINX: Quick Start Guide. Please note, the NGINX ModSecurity WAF for NGINX Plus is transitioning to End-of-Life (EoL) effective March 31, 2024. For more information please read this blog.

7.1 Access Based on IP Address

Problem

You need to control access based on the IP address of the client.

Solution

Use the HTTP or stream access module to control access to protected resources:

location /admin/ {
    deny  10.0.0.1;
    allow 10.0.0.0/20; 
    allow 2001:0db8::/32;
    deny  all;
}

The given location block allows access from any IPv4 address in 10.0.0.0/20 except 10.0.0.1, allows access from IPv6 addresses in the 2001:0db8::/32 subnet, and returns a 403 for requests originating from any other address. The allow and deny directives are valid within the http, server, and location contexts, as well as in stream and server context for TCP/UDP. Rules are checked in sequence until a match is found ...