CHAPTER 9

Alternative Means of Motivation

Research on management controls firmly supports that employee behavior is not solely influenced by financial rewards. Specifically, a long line of research shows that feelings also are potent catalysts of employee effort. Organizations have many options when it comes to controls that facilitate motivation by providing opportunities for employees to accrue positive feelings and avoid negative ones. Throughout this chapter, we follow Bol and Loftus and examine five specific categories of feelings-based incentives as well as the related management controls.1

Self-Cognition

Management controls can activate effort by influencing employees’ self-cognition, which refers to how employees think and feel about ...

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