Chapter 8Laser Systems
Laser systems have a wide range of applications across various fields due to their ability to produce coherent, focused, and high-intensity light. The applications of laser systems include laser cutting and manufacturing, laser lithography, laser spectroscopy, laser-based sensing and metrology, free-space optical communications, and high-energy laser systems. Laser beam control technologies are a collection of multidisciplinary technical areas such as laser devices, geometric optics, Fourier optics, atmospheric optics, structures, thermal systems, sensors, actuators, and control theory. In general, the goal of laser beam control system is to precisely determine a target location and direct the laser beam to the desired aimpoint with minimal loss. This chapter introduces laser beam propagation as well as hardware and control methods commonly used for laser systems. Example laser systems for free space optical communications and high-energy laser systems are also introduced.
8.1 Laser Fundamentals
8.1.1 Stimulated Emission
A laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) is a light source created by the stimulated emission process by which an incoming photon of a specific frequency interacts with an excited atomic electron of the lasing medium, causing it to drop to a lower energy level. The liberated energy transfers to the electromagnetic field, creating a new photon with identical frequency, polarization, and direction of travel ...
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