SecurityUsernames, Privileges, Groups, and RolesIdentity ManagementSecurity PrivilegesSpecial Roles: DBA, SYSDBA, and SYSOPERPoliciesRestricting Data AccessView-based securityFine-grained access controlLabel Security OptionSecurity and Application Roles and PrivilegesDistributed Database and Multitier SecurityDistributed security managementMultitier securityAdvanced Security OptionEncryptionSecure BackupAuditingComplianceOracle Database Vault OptionOracle Audit Vault ServerFlashback Data Archive