Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking for Industry

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Briefly, the services provided at each layer of the stack are:

• Application

Provision of network services TO the user’s application programs

Note: the user’s actual application programs do NOT reside here

• Presentation

Maps the data representations into an external data format that will enable

correct interpretation of the information on receipt. The mapping can also

possibly include encryption and/or compression of data

• Session

Control of the communications between the users. This includes the

grouping together of messages and the coordination of data transfer between

grouped layers. It also affects checkpoints for (transparent) recovery of

aborted sessions

• Transport ...