When you have completed study of this chapter you should have a basic understanding of
the application and operation of the following application layer protocols:
• FTP
• TFTP
• TELNET
• RLOGIN
• NFS
• DNS
• WINS
• SNMP
• SMTP
• POP3
• HTTP
• BOOTP
• DHCP
8.1 Introduction
This chapter examines the process/application layer of the TCP/IP model. Protocols at
this layer act as intermediaries between some user application (external to the TCP/IP
communication stack) and the lower-level protocols such as TCP or UDP. An example is
SMTP, which acts as an interface between an e-mail client or server ...
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