Export-Credit Agencies and Development-Finance Institutions
This chapter covers the types of cross-border support which may be available for projects, especially in developing countries. There are three main sources of such support: (1) export-credit agencies, which provide loans, or financial- or political-risk insurance or guarantees, for exports of capital equipment to projects outside the country concerned (§16.2); ECAs also provide political-risk cover for investors—but obviously not cover for commercial risks (§16.3). (2) bilateral DFIs, which provide ‘untied’ loans, or political-risk insurance or guarantees, generally for projects outside the country concerned (i.e. not linked to specific exports from the country concerned); ...
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