4.1 Transmission Lines4.1.1 General Transmission Line Equations4.1.2 Lossless Transmission Lines4.1.3 Transmission Lines with Loss4.2 Terminated Lossless Line4.2.1 Reflection Coefficient4.2.2 Power (Flow of Energy) and Return Loss4.2.3 Standing Wave Ratio (SWR)4.2.4 Impedance as a Function of Position4.2.5 Quarter Wave Transformer4.2.6 Coaxial, Microstrip, and Coplanar Lines4.3 S Parameters4.3.1 Lossless Condition4.3.2 Reciprocity4.4 Transmission (ABCD) Matrices4.5 Attenuators4.6 Circulators and Isolators4.7 Power Dividers/Combiners4.8 Mixers4.9 Low-Pass Filters4.10 Noise4.10.1 Thermal Noise4.10.2 Equivalent Noise Temperature4.10.3 Noise Factor and Noise Figure4.10.4 Attenuators and Noise4.10.5 Noise in Cascaded Systems4.11 Low Noise Amplifiers4.12 Exercises