book

Programming PHP, 2nd Edition

by Rasmus Lerdorf, Kevin Tatroe, Peter MacIntyre

April 2006

Intermediate to advanced

540 pages

21h 16m

English

O'Reilly Media, Inc.

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Rasmus LerdorfKevin TatroePeter MacIntyreDedication
1.2.1. The Evolution of PHP1.2.2. The Growth of PHP
1.4.1. Configuration Page1.4.2. Forms1.4.3. Databases1.4.4. Graphics1.4.5. From the Shell
2.1.1. Case Sensitivity2.1.2. Statements and Semicolons2.1.3. Whitespace and Line Breaks2.1.4. Comments2.1.4.1. Shell-style comments2.1.4.2. C++ comments2.1.4.3. C comments2.1.5. Literals2.1.6. Identifiers2.1.6.1. Variable names2.1.6.2. Function names2.1.6.3. Class names2.1.6.4. Constants2.1.7. Keywords
2.2.1. Integers2.2.2. Floating-Point Numbers2.2.3. Strings2.2.4. Booleans2.2.5. Arrays2.2.6. Objects2.2.7. Resources2.2.8. NULL
2.3.1. Variable Variables2.3.2. Variable References2.3.3. Variable Scope2.3.3.1. Local scope2.3.3.2. Global scope2.3.3.3. Static variables2.3.3.4. Function parameters2.3.4. Garbage Collection
2.4.1. Number of Operands2.4.2. Operator Precedence2.4.3. Operator Associativity2.4.4. Implicit Casting2.4.5. Arithmetic Operators2.4.6. String Concatenation Operator2.4.7. Autoincrement and Autodecrement Operators2.4.8. Comparison Operators2.4.9. Bitwise Operators2.4.10. Logical Operators2.4.11. Casting Operators2.4.12. Assignment Operators2.4.12.1. Assignment2.4.12.2. Assignment with operation2.4.13. Miscellaneous Operators
2.5.1. if2.5.2. switch2.5.3. while2.5.4. for2.5.5. foreach2.5.6. declare2.5.7. exit and return
2.7.1. XML Style2.7.2. SGML Style2.7.3. ASP Style2.7.4. Script Style2.7.5. Echoing Content Directly
3.3.1. Global Variables3.3.2. Static Variables
3.4.1. Passing Parameters by Value3.4.2. Passing Parameters by Reference3.4.3. Default Parameters3.4.4. Variable Parameters3.4.5. Missing Parameters
4.1.1. Variable Interpolation4.1.2. Single-Quoted Strings4.1.3. Double-Quoted Strings4.1.4. Here Documents
4.2.1. echo4.2.2. print( )4.2.3. printf( )4.2.3.1. Format modifiers4.2.3.2. Type specifiers4.2.4. print_r( ) and var_dump( )
4.4.1. Removing Whitespace4.4.2. Changing Case
4.5.1. HTML4.5.1.1. Entity-quoting all special characters4.5.1.2. Entity-quoting only HTML syntax characters4.5.1.3. Removing HTML tags4.5.1.4. Extracting meta tags4.5.2. URLs4.5.2.1. RFC 1738 encoding and decoding4.5.2.2. Query-string encoding4.5.3. SQL4.5.4. C-String Encoding
4.6.1. Exact Comparisons4.6.2. Approximate Equality
4.7.1. Substrings4.7.2. Miscellaneous String Functions4.7.3. Decomposing a String4.7.3.1. Exploding and imploding4.7.3.2. Tokenizing4.7.3.3. sscanf( )4.7.4. String-Searching Functions4.7.4.1. Searches returning position4.7.4.2. Searches returning rest of string4.7.4.3. Searches using masks4.7.4.4. Decomposing URLs
4.8.1. The Basics4.8.2. Character Classes4.8.3. Alternatives4.8.4. Repeating Sequences4.8.5. Subpatterns
4.9.1. Character Classes4.9.2. Anchors4.9.3. Functions4.9.3.1. Matching4.9.3.2. Replacing4.9.3.3. Splitting
4.10.1. Delimiters4.10.2. Match Behavior4.10.3. Character Classes4.10.4. Anchors4.10.5. Quantifiers and Greed4.10.6. Non-Capturing Groups4.10.7. Backreferences4.10.8. Trailing Options4.10.9. Inline Options4.10.10. Lookahead and Lookbehind4.10.11. Cut4.10.12. Conditional Expressions4.10.13. Functions4.10.13.1. Matching4.10.13.2. Replacing4.10.13.3. Splitting4.10.13.4. Filtering an array with a regular expression4.10.13.5. Quoting for regular expressions4.10.14. Differences from Perl Regular Expressions
5.3.1. Adding Values to the End of an Array5.3.2. Assigning a Range of Values5.3.3. Getting the Size of an Array5.3.4. Padding an Array
5.5.1. Slicing an Array5.5.2. Splitting an Array into Chunks5.5.3. Keys and Values5.5.4. Checking Whether an Element Exists5.5.5. Removing and Inserting Elements in an Array
5.6.1. Creating Variables from an Array5.6.2. Creating an Array from Variables
5.7.1. The foreach Construct5.7.2. The Iterator Functions5.7.3. Using a for Loop5.7.4. Calling a Function for Each Array Element5.7.5. Reducing an Array5.7.6. Searching for Values
5.8.1. Sorting One Array at a Time5.8.2. Natural-Order Sorting5.8.3. Sorting Multiple Arrays at Once5.8.4. Reversing Arrays5.8.5. Randomizing Order
5.9.1. Calculating the Sum of an Array5.9.2. Merging Two Arrays5.9.3. Calculating the Difference Between Two Arrays5.9.4. Filtering Elements from an Array
5.10.1. Sets5.10.2. Stacks
6.4.1. Declaring Methods6.4.2. Declaring Properties6.4.3. Declaring Constants6.4.4. Inheritance6.4.5. Interfaces6.4.6. Abstract Methods6.4.7. Constructors6.4.8. Destructors
6.5.1. Examining Classes6.5.2. Examining an Object6.5.3. Sample Introspection Program
7.4.1. Methods7.4.2. Parameters7.4.3. Automatic Quoting of Parameters7.4.4. Self-Processing Pages7.4.5. Sticky Forms7.4.6. Multivalued Parameters7.4.7. Sticky Multivalued Parameters7.4.8. File Uploads7.4.9. Form Validation
7.5.1. Different Content Types7.5.2. Redirections7.5.3. Expiration7.5.4. Authentication
7.6.1. Cookies7.6.2. Sessions7.6.2.1. Session basics7.6.2.2. Alternatives to cookies7.6.2.3. Custom storage7.6.3. Combining Cookies and Sessions
8.3.1. Data Source Names8.3.2. Connecting8.3.3. Error Checking8.3.4. Issuing a Query8.3.5. Fetching Results from a Query8.3.5.1. Returning the row8.3.5.2. Storing the row8.3.5.3. Inside a row array8.3.5.4. Finishing the result8.3.6. Disconnecting
8.4.1. Placeholders8.4.2. Prepare/Execute8.4.3. Shortcuts8.4.4. Details About a Query Response8.4.5. Sequences8.4.6. Metadata8.4.7. Transactions
8.5.1. Database Tables8.5.2. Database Connection8.5.3. Administrator’s Page8.5.4. Adding a Business8.5.5. Displaying the Database8.5.6. PHP Data Objects8.5.6.1. Making a connection8.5.6.2. Interaction with the database8.5.6.3. PDO and prepared statements
9.4.1. The Structure of a Graphics Program9.4.2. Changing the Output Format9.4.3. Testing for Supported Image Formats9.4.4. Reading an Existing File9.4.5. Basic Drawing Functions
9.5.1. Fonts9.5.2. TrueType Fonts
9.6.1. Caching the Dynamically Generated Buttons9.6.2. A Faster Cache
9.8.1. Using the Alpha Channel9.8.2. Identifying Colors9.8.3. True Color Color Indexes9.8.4. Text Representation of an Image
10.2.1. A Simple Example10.2.2. Initializing the Document10.2.3. Outputting Basic Text - Cells
10.3.1. Coordinates10.3.2. Text Attributes10.3.3. Page Headers, Footers, and Class Extension10.3.4. Images and Links10.3.5. Tables and Data
11.3.1. Element Handlers11.3.2. Character Data Handler11.3.3. Processing Instructions11.3.4. Entity Handlers11.3.4.1. External entities11.3.4.2. Unparsed entities11.3.5. Default Handler11.3.6. Options11.3.6.1. Character encoding11.3.6.2. Case folding11.3.7. Using the Parser11.3.8. Errors11.3.9. Methods as Handlers11.3.10. Sample Parsing Application
11.7.1. Servers11.7.2. Clients
12.1.1. SQL Injection
12.2.1. Filenames12.2.1.1. Check for relative paths
12.5.1. Distrust Browser-Supplied Filenames12.5.2. Beware of Filling Your Filesystem12.5.3. Surviving register_globals
12.6.1. Restrict Filesystem Access to a Specific Directory12.6.2. Get It Right the First Time12.6.3. Don’t Use Files12.6.4. Session Files12.6.5. Concealing PHP Libraries
13.3.1. Output Buffering13.3.2. Compressing Output
13.4.1. Error Reporting13.4.2. Error Suppression13.4.3. Triggering Errors13.4.4. Defining Error Handlers13.4.4.1. Logging in error handlers13.4.4.2. Output buffering in error handlers
13.5.1. Benchmarking13.5.2. Profiling13.5.3. Optimizing Execution Time13.5.4. Optimizing Memory Requirements13.5.5. Reverse Proxies and Replication13.5.5.1. Reverse-proxy cache13.5.5.2. Load balancing and redirection13.5.5.3. MySQL replication13.5.5.4. Putting it all together
14.2.1. The PHP Source14.2.2. Software Tools
14.3.1. Command-Line PHP14.3.2. Planning Your Extension14.3.3. Creating a Skeleton Extension14.3.4. Fleshing Out the Skeleton14.3.5. Compiling Your Extension14.3.5.1. Standalone extensions14.3.5.2. Compiling the extension into PHP14.3.6. Testing Your Extension
14.4.1. No External Dependencies14.4.2. External Dependencies
14.6.1. MAKE_STD_ZVAL( )14.6.2. SEPARATE_ZVAL( )14.6.3. zval_copy_ctor( )14.6.4. Accessor Macros
14.7.1. A Simple Example14.7.2. A More Complex Example14.7.3. An Example with Variable Argument List
14.8.1. Simple Types14.8.2. Arrays14.8.3. Objects
14.10.1. SAPI Globals (SG)14.10.2. Executor Globals (EG )14.10.3. Internal Extension Globals
15.1.1. Going Straight to the Source15.1.2. Configuring PHP with a Web Server15.1.2.1. Configuration common to all Microsoft installations15.1.2.2. Manually configuring Apache15.1.2.3. Other installers and prepackaged distributions15.1.3. Adding Extensions to the Base Distribution15.1.4. Adding the MySQL Extension
15.2.1. Determining the Platform15.2.2. Handling Paths Across Platforms15.2.3. The Environment15.2.4. Sending Mail15.2.5. End-of-Line Handling15.2.6. End-of-File Handling15.2.7. External Commands15.2.8. Common Platform-Specific Extensions
15.3.1. Background15.3.2. PHP Functions15.3.3. Determining the API15.3.4. Completing a Word Document
15.4.1. Configuring a DSN15.4.2. Working with Access
A.1.1. ArraysA.1.2. Classes and ObjectsA.1.3. Date and TimeA.1.4. Errors and LoggingA.1.5. Files, Directories, and FilesystemA.1.6. FunctionsA.1.7. HTTPA.1.8. ImagesA.1.9. MailA.1.10. MathA.1.11. NetworkA.1.12. Output ControlA.1.13. PHP Options/InfoA.1.14. Program ExecutionA.1.15. StringsA.1.16. Type FunctionsA.1.17. URLsA.1.18. Variable Functions

Content preview from Programming PHP, 2nd Edition

Acknowledgments

Rasmus Lerdorf

I would like to acknowledge the large and wonderfully boisterous PHP community, without which there would be no PHP today.

Kevin Tatroe

Thanks to every individual who ever committed code to PHP or who wrote a line of code in PHP—you all made PHP what it is today.

To my parents, who once purchased a small LEGO set for a long and frightening plane trip, beginning an obsession with creativity and organization that continues to relax and inspire.

Finally, a heaping second spoonful of gratitude to Jennifer and Hadden, who continue to inspire and encourage me even as I pound out words and code every day.

Peter MacIntyre

I would first like to praise the Lord of Hosts who gives me the strength to face each day. He created electricity through which I make my livelihood; thanks and praise to Him for this totally unique and fascinating portion of His creation.

Closer to home, I would like to thank Rasmus for the initial (and continuing) efforts behind this great language called PHP. I have been using PHP exclusively for many years now and love its simplicity and logic more each day.

To Kevin, my main coauthor in this edition, thanks for the efforts and desire to stick with this project to the end. You took on a big task with the “harder” chapters, and with the help of Wez Furlong and Chris Shiflett we finally pulled it off!

To Allison Randal and Tatiana Apandi at O’Reilly, great patience and professionalism came from you both on this project. Thanks for giving me this ...