Programming Ruby 3.3

Arrays

The class Array holds a collection of object references. Each object reference occupies a position in the array, identified by an integer index. You can create arrays by using literals or by explicitly creating an Array object. A literal array is a comma-delimited list of objects between square brackets:

a = [3.14159, "pie", 99]
a.class   # => Array
a.length  # => 3
a[0]      # => 3.14159
a[1]      # => "pie"
a[2]      # => 99
a[3]      # => nil

You can create an empty array with either [] or by directly calling Array.new:

b = Array.new
b.class   # => Array
b.length  # => 0
b[0] = "second"
b[1] = "array"
b         # => ["second", "array"]

As the example shows, array indices start at zero. Index an array with a non-negative ...