Programming Ruby 3.3

Exceptions

Ruby exceptions are objects of class Exception and its descendants.

Raising Exceptions

The raise method raises an exception:

raise raise string cause: $! raise thing <, string stack tracecause: $!>

When an exception is raised, Ruby places a reference to the Exception object in the global variable $!. The first form reraises the exception in $! or creates a new RuntimeError if $! is nil. The second form creates a new RuntimeError exception, setting its message to the given string. The third form creates an exception object by invoking the method exception on its first argument, setting this exception’s message and backtrace to its second and third arguments. Class Exception and objects of class Exception contain a factory method called ...