January 2020
Beginner to intermediate
432 pages
11h 24m
English
Asset prices are usually non-stationary, that is, their statistics, such as mean and variance (mathematical moments) change over time. This could also mean observing some trends or seasonality in the price series (see Chapter 3, Time Series Modeling). By transforming the prices into returns, we attempt to make the time series stationary, which is the desired property in statistical modeling.
There are two types of returns:

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