Extensions and middlewares
Flask extensions are simply Python projects that, once installed, provide a package or a module named flask_something. In previous versions, it was flask.ext.something.
The project has to follow a few guidelines, as described at http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/latest/extensiondev. These guidelines are more or less good practices that could apply to any Python project. Flask has a curated list of extensions maintained at http://flask.pocoo.org/extensions/, which is a good first stop when you are looking for extra features. What's provided by the extension is up to the developers, and not much is enforced besides the guidelines described in Flask documentation.
The other mechanism to extend Flask is to use WSGI middlewares. ...
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