February 2024
Intermediate to advanced
649 pages
9h 58m
Chinese
Content preview from Python和NLTK实现自然语言处理Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
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第9章 话语分析——知识就是信仰
话语分析是另一个自然语言处理的应用程序。将话语分析定义为确定用于执行其他任务（如在本章后面所介绍的回指解析（Anaphora Resolution，AR）、NER等）的上下文信息。
本章包括以下主题。
- 话语分析。
- 使用定中心理论进行话语分析。
- 回指解析。
9.1 话语分析
在语言学术语中，话语（discourse）一词指的是运用语言。将话语分析定义为执行文本或语言分析的过程，在这个过程中，涉及了文本解释和理解社会互动。话语分析可能涉及处理语素、n元组、时态、动词体、页面布局等。可以将话语定义为有序句子集。
在大多数情况下，可以基于前面的句子，解释后面句子的意思。
思考两句话John went to the club on Saturday. He met Sam。这里He指的是John。
话语表达理论（Discourse Representation Theory，DRT）已经发展到了为执行AR提供方法。人们已经发展出了话语表达结构（Discoure Representation Structure，DRS），在话语指称对象和话语表达结构的条件的帮助下，提供话语的内涵。话语指称对象指的是在一阶逻辑中使用的变量和在话语中所考虑的事物。话语表达结构的条件指的是在一阶谓词逻辑中使用的原子公式。
人们发展了一阶谓词逻辑（First Order Predicate Logic，FOPL），扩展了命题逻辑的思想。FOPL涉及了函数、参数和量词的使用。人们使用两种类型的量词（即全称量词与存在量词）表示一般的句子。在FOPL中，也使用连接词、常量和变量。例如，在FOPL中，Robin is a bird可以表示为bird (robin)。
查看话语描述结构的一个例子。 ...
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