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深度學習|內行人的做法
book

深度學習|內行人的做法

by Josh Patterson, Adam Gibson
January 2019
Beginner to intermediate
576 pages
14h 31m
Chinese
GoTop Information, Inc.
Content preview from 深度學習|內行人的做法
懂得學習的機器
|
5
來自生物界的啟發
一般生物的神經網路(大腦),大約是由 860 億個神經元彼此相互連結而成。
人腦中連結的總數量
根據研究人員保守估計,人腦中的神經元之間大約有超過 500 兆的連結。
即使是現今規模最大的人工神經網路,其連結數量也遠低於這個數字。
從訊息處理的角度來看,生物神經元也就是一種可接受刺激的單元,它可以透過電信號
和化學信號來處理、傳輸訊息。一般生物腦中的神經元,除了存在於大腦之外,也存在
於中樞神經系統的脊髓和周邊神經系統的神經節之中。我們在本章稍後就會看到,人工
神經網路的結構相較之下簡單多了。
生物結構與人工結構的比較
一般生物的神經網路,遠比人工神經網路複雜許多(至少差了好幾個數量
)!
人工神經網路有兩個主要特性,全都是按照大腦工作原理來設計的。第一點,神經網路
最基本的單元是
人工神經元
(或簡稱為「
節點
node
)」)。人工神經元模仿的是大腦的
生物神經元,它就像生物神經元一樣,可接受輸入的刺激。這些人工神經元接收到一些
其他神經元的訊息之後,就會把其中一些(而不是全部)訊息進行轉換,然後再傳遞出
去。我們會在本章後續內容中,詳細介紹神經網路的轉換做法。
第二點,大腦中的神經元可接受訓練,只傳遞有助於實現大腦主要目標的信號,我們也
可以訓練神經網路的神經元,只傳遞有用的信號。各位在閱讀本章過程中,我們會以這
些概念為基礎,介紹人工神經網路如何透過位元(bits)與函數,打造出能與生物結構
相對應的模型。
生物界對電腦科學各領域所帶來的靈感與啟發
生物界對於電腦科學各領域所帶來的啟發,並不只限於人工神經網路 ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9789865020262