November 2020
Beginner to intermediate
214 pages
5h 10m
Chinese
Content preview from 数据库可靠性工程：数据库系统设计与运维指南
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64
第 5 章
基础设施工程
本章开始实现应用程序和分析人员所用的数据库集群。前面讨论了大量准备工作：
SLO
、
风险分析以及运维可见性。接下来的两章将讨论设计和构建对应环境的技术和模式。
本章主要讨论数据存储依赖的各种主机环境，包括
Serverless
和
DaaS
（
database as a service
，
数据库即服务）。我们将讨论这些数据存储可用的各种存储选项。
5.1
主机
如前所述，数据存储不能存在于真空环境中，它们是在主机上运行的进程。数据库的主机
通常是物理服务器。过去
10
年中，选项增加了，出现了虚拟机、容器以及
Serverless
。下
面讨论每个选项的优缺点，并研究一些具体的实现细节。
5.1.1
物理服务器
这里的物理服务器是指装有操作系统的独立主机，专门用于运行特定服务。在不成熟的
环境中，物理服务器在流量较低和资源较富裕的条件下运行多个服务。数据库可靠性工
程师首先应该把数据存储分离到独享的服务器中。数据存储所需的工作负载通常对
CPU
、
RAM
和存储
I/O
有较高要求。有些应用程序是
CPU
密集型或者
I/O
密集型的，但你不希
望它们与其他应用程序竞争资源。调优这些工作负载也是非常具体的，因此需要隔离才能
正确完成。
当在独享的物理主机上运行数据库时，数据库会与大量组件交互，并消耗这些组件的资
源。稍后会简单介绍这些组件。方便起见，这里的讨论基于
Linux
或
UNIX
系统。尽管很
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