Progress is not an illusion; it happens, but it is slow and invariably disappointing.
—George Orwell, from Inside the Whale and Other Essays (1940)
Over the years, there has been an ongoing evolution in how identity information is stored and used to enable users to access applications and the functionality they provide. You’ll see in this chapter that each bit of progress has solved some problems but given rise to new ones, as technology and security challenges evolved. We’ll describe some ...