Speaking Up at Work

Notes

Chapter 1

 1. March (1991).

 2. Participants were recruited for interviews from personal networks based on their willingness to discuss their experience of having an independent point of view in the workplace. Using the critical incident technique (Flanagan 1954), participants described their experiences in depth. The incidents primarily occurred within the United States.

 3. Independent thinking is closely related to employee voice; however, independent thinking is a broader term than employee voice and refers to independence with respect to an immediate reference group. Employee voice is a form of independent thinking within an organizational context. Independent thinking, however, can be in reference to any group, be it a political party, ...