CHAPTER 13FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF PERIODIC STRUCTURES
Periodic structures have a wide range of application in microwave, antenna, and optical engineering due to their unique electromagnetic properties. Well-known examples include waveguide filters, frequency selective surfaces, phased arrays, optical gratings, photonic crystals, and a variety of metamaterials. For example, a periodic structure can be designed to exhibit an electromagnetic bandgap with a very small transmission coefficient for a plane wave incident on the structure over a certain frequency band (stopband), surrounded by frequency bands where the transmission coefficient is close to unity (passband) [1]. A periodic structure can also be designed to exhibit a negative effective permittivity and permeability, which in theory can be exploited to construct a perfect lens where a point source on the source plane can be reconstructed perfectly on the image plane [2].
To fully characterize the unique electromagnetic properties of periodic structures, a numerical analysis of electromagnetic wave interaction with periodic structures is indispensable. During the past four decades, many numerical methods have been developed for such an analysis. Among these methods, the most popular is the moment method, which solves integral equations and has received most attention in research related to frequency selective surfaces and microstrip phased arrays. Numerous papers have been published on this method, most of which deal ...
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