Common Distance MetricsSimulating a Small DatasetUsing Norm-Based Distance MetricsComparing Diagrams, Shapes, and Probability DistributionsK-Nearest Neighbors with Metric GeometryManifold LearningUsing Multidimensional ScalingExtending Multidimensional Scaling with IsomapCapturing Local Properties with Locally Linear EmbeddingVisualizing with t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor EmbeddingFractalsSummary