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Tunable Laser Optics, 2nd Edition

Name: Tunable Laser Optics, 2nd Edition
Author: F.J. Duarte
ISBN: 9781351831055

by F.J. Duarte

December 2017

Intermediate to advanced

354 pages

9h 8m

English

CRC Press

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Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Author

Chapter 1 Introduction to Lasers
1.1 Introduction1.1.1 Historical Remarks1.2 Lasers1.2.1 Laser Optics1.2.2 Laser Categories1.3 Excitation Mechanisms and Rate Equations1.3.1 Rate Equations1.3.2 Dynamics of Multiple-Level System1.3.2.1 Example1.3.2.2 Example1.3.3 Transition Probabilities and Cross Sections1.3.3.1 Example1.4 The Schrödinger Equation and Semiconductor Lasers1.4.1 A Heuristic Introduction to the Schrödinger Equation1.4.2 The Schrödinger Equation Via dirac’s Notation1.4.3 The Time-Independent Schrödinger Equation1.4.4 Semiconductor Emission1.4.4.1 Example1.4.5 Quantum Wells1.4.6 Quantum Cascade Lasers1.4.6.1 Example1.4.7 Quantum Dots1.5 Introduction to Laser Resonators and Laser CavitiesProblems
Chapter 2 Dirac Optics
2.1 Introduction2.2 Dirac’s Notation in Optics2.3 Interference2.3.1 Example2.3.2 Geometry of The N-Slit Interferometer2.3.3 N-Slit Interferometer Experiment2.4 Generalized Diffraction2.4.1 Positive Diffraction2.5 Positive and Negative Refraction2.6 Reflection2.7 The Cavity Linewidth Equation2.7.1 Introduction to Angular Dispersion2.8 Dirac and the LaserProblems
Chapter 3 The Uncertainty Principle in Optics
3.1 Approximate Derivation of the Uncertainty Principle3.1.1 The Wave Character of Particles3.1.2 The Diffraction Identity and the Uncertainty Principle3.1.3 Alternative Versions of the Uncertainty Principle3.2 Applications of the Uncertainty Principle in Optics3.2.1 Beam Divergence3.2.1.1 Example3.2.2 Beam Divergence and Astronomy3.2.2.1 Laser Guide Star3.2.2.2 Example3.3 The Interferometric Equation and the Uncertainty Principle3.3.1 Quantum Cryptography3.3.1.1 ExampleProblems
Chapter 4 The Physics of Multiple- Prism Optics
4.1 Introduction4.2 Generalized Multiple-Prism Dispersion4.2.1 Double-Pass Generalized Multiple-Prism Dispersion4.2.2 Multiple Return-Pass Generalized Multiple-Prism Dispersion4.2.3 Single-Prism Equations4.3 Multiple-Prism Dispersion Linewidth Narrowing4.3.1 Mechanics of Linewidth Narrowing in Optically Pumped Pulsed Laser Oscillators4.3.2 Design of Zero-Dispersion Multiple-Prism Beam Expanders4.3.2.1 Example4.3.2.2 Example4.4 Dispersion of Amici, or Compound, Prisms4.4.1 Example4.5 Multiple-Prism Dispersion and Pulse Compression4.5.1 Example4.6 Applications of Multiple-Prism ArraysProblems
Chapter 5 Polarization
5.1 Introduction5.2 Maxwell Equations5.3 Polarization and Reflection5.3.1 Plane of Incidence5.4 Jones Calculus5.4.1 Example5.5 Polarizing Prisms5.5.1 Transmission Efficiency in Multiple-Prism Arrays5.5.2 Induced Polarization in a Double-Prism Beam Expander5.6 Double-Refraction Polarizers5.7 Intensity Control of Laser Beams Using Polarization5.8 Polarization Rotators5.8.1 Birefringent Polarization Rotators5.8.1.1 Example5.8.2 Broadband Prismatic Polarization Rotators5.8.2.1 ExampleProblems
Chapter 6 Laser Beam Propagation Matrices
6.1 Introduction6.2 ABCD Propagation Matrices6.2.1 Properties of ABCD Matrices6.2.2 Survey of ABCD Matrices6.2.3 The Astronomical Telescope6.2.4 A Single Prism in Space6.2.5 Multiple-Prism Beam Expanders6.2.6 Telescopes in Series6.2.7 Single Return-Pass Beam Divergence6.2.8 Multiple Return-Pass Beam Divergence6.2.9 Unstable Resonators6.3 Higher Order MatricesProblems
Chapter 7 Narrow-Linewidth Tunable Laser Oscillators
7.1 Introduction7.2 Transverse and Longitudinal Modes7.2.1 Transverse Mode Structure7.2.2 Longitudinal Mode Emission7.3 Tunable Laser Oscillator Architectures7.3.1 Tunable Laser Oscillators Without Intracavity Beam Expansion7.3.2 Tunable Laser Oscillators With Intracavity Beam Expansion7.3.3 Widely Tunable Narrow-Linewidth External Cavity Semiconductor Lasers7.3.4 Distributed Feedback Lasers7.4 Wavelength Tuning Techniques7.4.1 Prismatic Tuning Techniques7.4.2 Diffractive Tuning Techniques7.4.2.1 Example7.4.3 Synchronous Tuning Techniques7.4.4 Bragg Gratings7.4.5 Interferometric Tuning Techniques7.4.6 Longitudinal Tuning Techniques for Laser Microcavities7.4.6.1 Example7.4.7 Birefringent Filters7.5 Polarization Matching7.6 Design of Efficient Narrow-Linewidth Tunable Laser Oscillators7.6.1 Useful Axioms for the Design of Narrow- Linewidth Tunable Laser Oscillators7.7 Narrow-Linewidth Oscillator-Amplifiers7.7.1 Laser-Pumped Narrow-Linewidth Oscillator-Amplifiers7.7.2 Narrow-Linewidth MO Forced Oscillators7.8 DiscussionProblems
Chapter 8 Nonlinear Optics
8.1 Introduction8.1.1 Introduction to Nonlinear Polarization8.2 Generation of Frequency Harmonics8.2.1 Second Harmonic and Sum-Frequency Generation8.2.2 Difference-Frequency Generation and Optical Parametric Oscillation8.2.3 The Refractive Index as a Function of Intensity8.3 Optical Phase Conjugation8.4 Raman Shifting8.5 Optical ClockworkProblems
Chapter 9 Lasers and Their Emission Characteristics
9.1 Introduction9.2 Gas Lasers9.2.1 Pulsed Molecular Gas Lasers9.2.2 Pulsed Atomic Metal Vapor Lasers9.2.3 CW Gas Lasers9.3 Organic Dye Lasers9.3.1 Pulsed Organic Dye Lasers9.3.1.1 Solid-State Tunable Organic Lasers9.3.2 CW Organic Dye Lasers9.4 Solid-State Lasers9.4.1 Ionic Solid-State Lasers9.4.2 Transition Metal Solid-State Lasers9.4.3 Color Center Lasers9.4.4 Diode Laser-Pumped Fiber Lasers9.4.5 Optical Parametric Oscillators9.5 Semiconductor Lasers9.5.1 Tunable Quantum Cascade Lasers9.5.2 Tunable Quantum Dot Lasers9.6 Additional LasersProblems
Chapter 10 The N-Slit Laser Interferometer Optical Architecture and Applications
10.1 Introduction10.2 Optical Architecture of the NSLI10.2.1 Beam Propagation in the N SLI10.2.1.1 Example10.3 An Interferometric Computer10.4 Secure Interferometric Communications in Free Space10.4.1 Very Large N Slis for Secure Interferometric Communications in Free Space10.5 Applications of the NSLI10.5.1 Digital Laser Micromeasurements10.5.2 Light Modulation Measurements10.5.3 Wavelength Meter and Broadband Interferograms10.5.4 Imaging Laser PrintersProblems
Chapter 11 Interferometry
11.1 Introduction11.2 Two-Beam Interferometers11.2.1 The Sagnac Interferometer11.2.2 The Mach-Xehnder Interferometer11.2.3 The Michelson Interferometer11.3 Multiple-Beam Interferometers11.3.1 The Hanbury Brown–Twiss Interferometer11.3.2 The Fabry–Pérot interferometer11.3.3 Design of Fabry–Pérot Etalons11.3.3.1 Example11.4 Coherent and Semicoherent Interferograms11.4.1 Example11.5 Interferometric Wavelength Meters11.5.1 Fabry–Pérot Wavelength MetersProblems
Chapter 12 Spectrometry
12.1 Introduction12.2 Spectrometry12.2.1 Prism Spectrometers12.2.2 Diffraction Grating Spectrometers12.2.2.1 Example12.3 Dispersive Wavelength MetersProblems
Chapter 13 Physical Constants and Optical Quantities
13.1 Fundamental Physical Constants13.2 Conversion Quantities13.3 Units of Optical Quantities13.4 Dispersion Constants of Optical Materials13.5 ∂N/∂T of Laser and Optical MaterialsProblems
References
Index

Content preview from Tunable Laser Optics, 2nd Edition

The Uncertainty Principle in Optics

3.1 Approximate Derivation of the Uncertainty Principle

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (Heisenberg 1927) is of fundamental importance to optics and to laser optics in particular. Here, optical arguments are applied to outline an approximate derivation of the uncertainty principle.

3.1.1 The Wave Character of Particles

The quantum energy of a particle is given by the well-known quantum energy equation

$E = h v (3.1)$

where:

h is Planck’s constant

Equating this to the relativistic energy E = mc² and using the identity λ = c/ν, an expression for the momentum of a particle can be given as

$p = \frac{h}{λ} (3.2)$

which, using the identity

$k = \frac{2 π}{λ} (3.3)$

can be restated as

$p = ħ k (3.4)$

This momentum equation was applied to particles, ...

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