XQuery

Manipulating Strings

Four functions can be used to manipulate the characters of a string. They are listed in Table 17-8.

Table 17-8. Functions that manipulate strings

Name	Description
upper-case	Translates a string into uppercase equivalents
lower-case	Translates a string into lowercase equivalents
translate	Replaces individual characters with other individual characters
replace	Replaces characters that match a regular expression with a specified string

Converting Between Uppercase and Lowercase

The upper-case and lower-case functions are used to convert a string to all uppercase or lowercase. For example, upper-case("Query") returns QUERY. The mappings between lowercase and uppercase characters are determined by Unicode case mappings. If a character does not have a corresponding uppercase or lowercase character, it is included in the result string unchanged. Table 17-9 shows some examples.

Table 17-9. Examples of the uppercase and lowercase functions

Example	Return value
upper-case("query")	QUERY
upper-case("Query")	QUERY
lower-case("QUERY-123")	query-123
lower-case("Query")	query

Replacing Individual Characters in Strings

The translate function is used to replace individual characters in a string with other individual characters. It takes three arguments:

• The string to be translated

• The list of characters to be replaced (as a string)

• The list of replacement characters (as a string)

Each character in the second argument is replaced by the character ...