May 2025
Beginner to intermediate
284 pages
3h 14m
Chinese
Content preview from 掌握区块链
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第 5 章 将一切标记化
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比特币的出现为开发人员提供了探索不同类型加密货币的机会。然而，正是以太坊这一全新技术，让程序员有能力在其区块链基础上轻松创建新的加密货币，即代币。如今，有数以万计的加密货币，这主要归功于以太坊。以太坊 Network+ 通过首次代币发行（ICO）引发了 "将一切代币化 "概念的扩散，ICO允许一个项目筹集加密货币资金，并给予投资者代币作为交换。本章将探讨这种情况是如何发生的。首先，我们将介绍几个著名的例子：
- 大师币
- 开发者 J.R. Willett 于 2011 年开始在上撰写 Mastercoin 白皮书。他的目标不是 "像其他所有加密货币一样，Bootstrap 一个全新的区块链"，而是 "在比特币本身的基础上，创建一个全新的货币、商品和证券网络"。威利特最终意识到，通过比特币进行投资的社区支持形式可能有助于促进比特币的采用。于是，他在 2013 年举行了第一次 "代币销售"，即 ICO。这使得 Mastercoin 筹集到3700 BTC，当时约合 230 万美元。
- 以太坊
-
如前一章所述，以太坊的起点 可追溯到 2013 年 11 月 ，当时维塔利克-布特林（Vitalik Buterin）开始通过电子邮件发送一份白皮书，提出了一个基于比特币、Mastercoin 和其他项目元素的新协议。这份文件在整个加密货币社区广为流传，开发者和支持者开始聚集。2014 年 2 月，Buterin 公开宣布了以太坊项目。
以太坊成立了一个总部设在瑞士的非营利基金会来启动 ICO，并从 2014 年 7 月开始，进行了为期 42 天的众筹。共售出约 6000 万以太坊代币，筹集到约 31000 BTC（当时约合 1800 万美元）。这成为今后许多其他 ICO 的模板。
- 悟性
-
作为一个去中心化的 预测市场平台，Gnosis 与 Augur 项目共享一些概念和一些人员，后者是一个基于以太坊的早期产品，于 2015 年进行了 ICO。Gnosis 多签名钱包仍是以太坊生态系统中使用最广泛的钱包之一，尤其是在代币冷存储等应用中。
Gnosis 项目 ICO 最吸引人的地方在于其采用的荷兰式拍卖系统。这种新颖的概念使代币的价值在 ICO 期间不断下降，从而鼓励投资者等到最后才能获得最好的价格。大多数 ICO 都是以相反的方式进行的：投资者越早参与，代币就越便宜。然而，事实证明这种方式是成功的，因为 Gnosis 能够在 15 分钟内筹集到超过 3 亿美元的资金，同时将 95% 的加密货币归属于项目及其创始人。
- EOS
- EOS.IO是丹尼尔-拉里默（Daniel Larimer）的心血结晶，是一个区块链协议 ，旨在通过在EOS加密货币持有者之间平均分配计算资源来解决区块链的可扩展性问题。该项目通过在以太坊上进行无上限的代币销售，在一年内筹集了40 多亿美元，是有史以来筹集资金最多的项目之一。 此次发售的是名为 EOS 的 ERC-20 代币，在其原生区块链准备就绪后，该代币被转换为原生代币。
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