December 2008
Intermediate to advanced
1088 pages
33h 14m
English
As pointed out in the introduction to Section 4, the way in which a process operates will vary significantly throughout its lifetime. Plant operations do not correspond to the conditions specified in the design. This is not necessarily a reflection of a poor design. It is a consequence of changes in the process during the life of the plant. There are numerous reasons why a process might not be operated at design conditions. As stated previously, some examples are the following.
• Design/Construction: Installed equipment is often oversized. This reduces risks resulting from inaccuracies in design correlations, uncertainties in material properties, and so on.
• External Effects: ...
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