Applications of Nanofluid for Heat Transfer Enhancement

6.7. Simulation of MHD CuO–water nanofluid flow and convective heat transfer considering Lorentz forces

6.7.1. Problem definition

The numerical model consists in a two-dimensional square cavity with side equal to H which represents the characteristic dimension of the problem (Fig. 6.39A) [14]. The heat source is centrally located on the bottom surface and its length 1 varied from 2/5 to 4/5 of H; the ratio 1/H is called ɛ. The cooling is achieved by the two vertical walls. The heat source has a temperature T_h, while the cooling walls have a temperature T_c; all the other surfaces are adiabatic (Th > T_c). Also, it is also assumed that the uniform magnetic field ($\overrightarrow{B}=B_x\overrightarrow{e_x}+B_y\overrightarrow{e_y}$) of constant magnitude $B=\sqrt{B_x^2+B_y^2}$ is applied, where $\overrightarrow{e_x}$ and $\overrightarrow{e_y}$ are unit ...