Biological and Medical Sensor Technologies

4 Quartz Crystal Microbalance–Based Biosensors

Şükran Şeker and Y. Murat Elçin

CONTENTS

4.1     Introduction

4.2     Piezoelectric Resonators

4.2.1     Fundamentals of Piezoelectricity and Quartz Crystals

4.2.2     Thickness Shear Mode Resonators (Quartz Crystal Microbalances)

4.3     Mass Loading Equations

4.4     Methods of Quartz Crystal Surface Modifications

4.4.1     Self-Assembled Monolayers

4.4.2     Electrochemical Deposition

4.4.3     Electrospinning and Spin Coating

4.5     Biological Applications of the QCM

4.5.1     Enzyme Biosensors

4.5.2     Nucleic Acid–Based Biosensors

4.5.3     QCM Immunosensors

4.5.4     QCM Mammalian Cell Biosensors

4.5.4.1     Detection of Cell–Surface Interactions

4.5.4.2     Detection of Cell–Drug Interactions ...