Brain-Computer Interface

8Brain–Computer Interface-Based Real-Time Movement of Upper Limb Prostheses Topic: Improving the Quality of the Elderly with Brain-Computer Interface

S. Vairaprakash¹* and S. Rajagopal²

¹Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Ramco Institute of Technology, Rajapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India

²Department of Information Technology, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The early development of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) was limited to a couple of external computer interfaces, like the keyboard, mouse, or graphical user interface, to enable users to communicate easily with the computer. Modern HCI includes input interfaces, including a joystick, bio-sensors, and power-input devices, for example, steering wheel, and electromechanical actuators, biomechanical, and optical/optoelectronic equipment. The BCI interfaces usually bypass the natural neuro-muscular controls and aim to serve as an alternative means of communication/control in the event of a neuronal/motor failure. The chapter covers BCI on cognition, sensors, machine learning, neurophysiology, psychology, signal detection and processing, source localization, pattern recognition, clustering, and classification of the signals. The components of an EEG-BCI are (i) preprocessing, (ii) extraction of the feature, (iii) selection of features, and (iv) classification. In the pre-processing stage, preliminary processing like the filtering of EEG signals takes place. The EEG signals ...